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 Restoration comedy, a genre of English drama that emerged during the late 17th century, is characterized by its wit, humor, and exploration of the social and sexual mores of the time. Named after the restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, this period witnessed the reopening of theaters, marking a departure from the more restrained drama of the Puritan era. Restoration comedies often feature lively plots, witty repartee, and a satirical examination of the manners and morals of the upper class. This note explores the key features, historical context, major playwrights, and the enduring legacy of Restoration comedy. Historical Context: The Restoration of Charles II in 1660 brought an end to the strict moral and religious constraints imposed by the Puritans, leading to a cultural and artistic revival in England. The reopening of theaters allowed for a new form of entertainment that reflected the libertine spirit of the age. This period was marked by a fascination with pleasure, ...

         Epic simile of Milton's  ‘Paradise Lost' Book 1 Simile is a definition of figure of speech that makes a comparison, sewing similarities between two different things. Unlike are metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of the words "like" or "as". Therefore it is a direct comparison. Epic simile are also known as Homeric simile. But Miltonic simile or epic simile of Milton are technical it different from Homeric simile. In paradise lost Milton uses Epic simile to intensify the effect. But before Milton used Epic simile in his 'Paradise lost' Homer ( Iliad), Virgil ( Aeneid ) Lucan ( Pharsalia ), Tasso ( Jerusalem Delivered ), Spenser ( The Faerie Queen ) and other had already used in their epics. J.H. Hansford says that “ a striking features of Milton’s style in Paradise Lost   is his use of the epic or expanded simile” ( A Milton Handbook ). In Paradise Lost (Book I),the action takes places in Hell and the action res...

  Consider Eliot’s ‘Preludes’ as a modern poem. Sharply intellectual, remarkably unorthodox in attitude and style, and undoubtedly a pioneer Piece of modern English poetry Eliot’s ‘Preludes’ deserves and demands a careful study. The term ‘modernism’ in context of literature and art cannot be precisely defined, or confined to a fixed Notion. So far as modern or twentieth century English poetry is concerned, its first obvious Characteristic is abstruseness of thought, form and style. Modern poetry is primarily a revolt against the decadent romantic tradition of Georgian Poetry. The squalor, dinginess, and the sordidness of the urban civilization and The dehumanization, sexuality and spiritual hollowness of modern man --- all find an echo in modern Poetry. This unit will introduce you to T.S. Eliot’s poem, “Preludes”, as a Fragmentary poetic piece which took the poet four years to complete. A poem Consisting of fifty-four lines, “Preludes” reflects some of the perplexities that A p...

 Write a brief essay on the sentimental comedy. Sentimental comedy, a dramatic genre of the 18th century, denoting plays in which middle-class protagonists triumphantly overcome a series of moral trials. The sentimental comedy is a kind of drama that appeared in the early ears of the eighteenth. In the sentimental comedy, dramatic reality was sacrificed in an attempt to instruct through an appeal to the audience’s or the readers’ emotions. The characters were so good or so bad that they became caricatures. Virtues always triumphed in the sentimental comedy. The sentimental comedy paid greater attention to sentiment which may be regarded as emotion refined and regulated by a self-conscious moral sense.  The sentimental comedy is almost devoid of wit and humour and deals with domestic situation, the problems and suffering of the middle class people, who is above the pity and sympathy of the audience. It also deals with thwarted romance, which is, of course, set right in the lo...

  Contrasting elements of 'Innocence' and 'Experience' in Blake's poetry 'The Lamb' and 'The Tyger'.   William Blake followed his own maxim   that “without contraries is no progression” when in 1794 he published together his 'Songs of Innocence' and 'Songs of Experience' the form and manner of a single book and also described his 'Songs' in the title page as "Showing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul". ( 2). The two sets of 'Songs'   are very different from each other in character, and accordingly does the poet group his verses under two main headings.   ‘The Lamb' ( from 'Songs of Innocence') and 'The Tyger’( from 'Songs of Experience') are both representative poem of Blake. They celebrate two contrary states of human soul – innocence and experience. The 'Songs of Innocence' professes an imaginative vision of the state of innocence; the 'Songs of Experien...

 Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe in Bengali summary               CHINUA ACHEBE ( 1930- 2013) ১৯৩০ সালের ১৬ই নভেম্বর  চিনুয়া আচেবি জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তার লেখার মাধ্যমে আমরা আফ্রিকার কালো মানুষদের ওপর সাদা চামড়ার মানুষদের অত্যাচার ও নিপীরন খুঁজে পাই। তিনি ছিলেন মূলত একজন নাইজেরিয়ান লেখক। তিনি নিজেও একজন কালো চামড়ার মানুষ হওয়ায় নানান স্থানে বঞ্চিত হন। এমনকি তার লেখার মাধ্যমে সে সমস্ত দিক গুলি সুস্পষ্টভাবে ফুটে উঠেছে।  তবে তিনি কখনোই হার মেনে নেননি। তার বেশিরভাগ জীবন  কেটেছে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ব্রাউন বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে অধ্যাপনা করে। চাকরি জীবনে তিনি নাইজেরিয়ার ব্রডকাস্ট সার্ভিসে কাজ শুরু করেন। বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ছাত্র থাকাকালে তার লেখালেখি শুরু হয়। লেখক হিসাবে চিনুয়া আচেবি আফ্রিকা এবং পশ্চিমের দেশগুলির মধ্যে সেতুবন্ধন হিসাবে কাজ করেছিলেন। ১৯৫৮ সালে প্রকাশিত প্রথম উপন্যাস 'থিংস ফল অ্যাপার্ট' এর সুবাদে ব্যাপক পরিচিত লাভ করেছিলেন তিনি। মজার কথাাা এই যে  এই উপন্যাসটি  অনুবাদ হয়েছে ৫০ টিরও বেশি ভাষায়। তাছাড়া, বিশ্বজুড়ে উপন...